People Today Move to New Cities Essay

People today move to new cities or new countries more then ever before.what challenges do they experience ?what strateges are there to meet these challenges? Moving to a new place, either within a country or overseas, is a very hard situation. One must take several considerations before leaving the home where a person grew and live for many years. People who are planning to relocate should know the big challenges ahead and they must also learn to take note of the strategies in facing these upcoming changes. Humankind has many reasons for leaving their hometown and trying to mix and mingle with other races. Most if them will move temporarily for the sake of their career, for them to be able to gain new experiences, to search for a high paying job or simply for promotion. While others relocate permanently to be with their husband and wife. Some search for a new place to live in just to try different locations and environment. Most of the expatriates claimed that they had a hard time adapting to a new world. It is not really that easy to move away from one’s family and work without knowing how long one would stay far away from home. One of the big challenges in these kind of situation is homesickness. The family is celebrating a simple event and friends are having their new routines without one’s presence. Having a phone call is becoming hard for them, making the separated loved one sad and lonely. Another thing to take in consider is the location of the new soon to be haven. If it is safe, as well as the people and environment that surrounds it. If there will be a near department stores, groceries, bank and other daily things to be needed. Before moving to a different site, one must first search for the specific details of that place. Like for example, the cost of living, a person might not want to be surprise with a high cost of living, especially to those who have kids. Furthermore, to a career-oriented ones, they should know if the city or a country has a good economy for them to anticipate a good pay. As well as learning in advance the culture of the place in order for them to avoid culture shock and deal with it easily. relocating to a new world is a bad idea to some people. So, a person must be prepared to face the major changes and open-mindedly accept the inevitable challenges to make a successful transfer.

Why We Hate the Dumb Kids.

Magazine, or K Magazine, they wont read it. They can't spell. They spell in text. OMG, TTYL, etc. , They spend all their time playing online games and admiring each others Faceable lives. Its the truth simply put. The problem is much worse than you think. Not long ago, a high-school teacher in California handed out an assignment that required students to use a ruler ? and discovered not a single one of them knew how.I read that In an online article about â€Å"Kids these days† . What does that say about our society? What does that say about us? We as parent's are the ones ultimately responsible for encouraging our children's thinking and engaging ablest aren't we? Or have we dropped the ball and relied on the school system again. One English teacher actually denounced any textbook reading and suggested watching the movie! That's Insane. People wonder why homecomings has become more and more common these days, that's why.Its the parent's lack of Involvement In their children da y to day lives cause we too have put too much pressure on ourselves to make that effort to know that â€Å"Johnny† is being educated and we are doing everything we can to assist he properly utilizes all the tools he is given to learn with. Yes, it may be easier to watch a Youth video that will demonstrate in verbatim how to reprogram your Phone to albeit mode but if you were asked to demonstrate it on paper, these kids would be dumbfounded. We need to be more involved and help structure their theories of the now and impatient ways of learning versus actually learning.

The British Constitution And Modern Democracies Essay

The British Constitution And Modern Democracies - Essay Example UK’s rules describing the powers of government, civil rights of its citizens among others exist in other statues, treaties, judicial decisions, regional conventions, and parliamentary acts among others (Republic.org, n.d.). Since the original influences of Norman conquest of England, drafting of the Magna Carta and its enactment into law, 1689 bill of rights and the successive parliamentary acts and reforms, especially in the 20th and 21st century, was the beginning and evolution of the of the English citizen’s right and the UK parliament powers in shaping its unwritten constitution. Critically, the legal and political consequences of Britain over time have led to its constitutional evolution, but not enough to enable its single documentation of laws. Over the last four decades, there have been numerous proposals for a codified UK constitution brought forth by groups and people of different political outlooks (Blick, 2011). One of the major arguments against the proposa l revolves around the process, intensity, and impacts of the amendments while comparing a written and unwritten constitution. The role of the UK parliament and its power acts central to the repeals of the constitution, to keep it flexible to the later adjustments and ensure all the functions of government are in order and operational. Initially, the monarch in ancient England held the authority and could use it to raise armies and taxes whenever they saw fit, or suspend the laws made in parliaments regardless of who constituted the house.... Initially, the monarch in ancient England held the authority and could use it to raise armies and taxes whenever they saw fit, or suspend the laws made in parliaments regardless of who constituted the house. The parliament had existed at the will of the monarchs, but during the reign of Charles I, there developed tension between the parliament and the king. The king had demonstrated personal rule, which was not in line with the house’s will, forcing the monarch to rule without a parliament for close to eleven years. This was followed by drastic actions taken by parliament that led into a civil war between the two parties; the parliament overthrew the king and demonstrated a commonwealth government for ten years without the house of lords and the king (Parliament.uk, n.d).Over the centuries, the parliaments’ (especially the house of common) authority has gradually developed to affect the entire British society through its constitution involvement. The declaration of the bill of rights towards the end of the 17th century enabled the parliament to take up powerful roles of the monarchs, which gave them more mandate to control and have a say to actions and matters pertaining Britain. Apart from the House of Lords, the British people can now elect their representatives who make the House of Commons, and from whom the ministers are chosen to represent the interest of the public. The declaratory act to facilitate UK’s parliament ability to legislate for their colonies is an indication of the powers accorded to the parliament back then (Totallyhistory.com, 2012).The modern parliament has the authority and capacity to discuss bills, amend, and enact them for a

Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Operation Management - Essay Example If different aspects of business are analyzed it is expected to find that manufacturing business processes are significantly different from the business processes that are solely involved in providing services. In case of service industry, production and consumption take place at the same time, whereas in case of manufacturing industry consumption takes place after the production is complete (University of New Brunswick, n.d.). Furthermore, the concept of ‘inventory’ is irrelevant in case of service sector, but in manufacturing industry organizations’ operational efficiency depends on the effectiveness of inventory management process. Since manufacturing industry deals with tangible products, inventory must be maintained in order to cope up with the fluctuations in the demand and supply. However, service cannot be stored as it is perishable. It has to be consumed when it is produced. As a result operational challenge in case of service is associated with the readi ness for producing and delivering it at the same time. For instance an electronic goods manufacturing company can maintain a stock for meeting the additional demand, but a barber cannot preserve his haircuts for meeting future demands (Longenecker, 2008). Manufacturing operations can be distinguished from the service operations in the context of measurement of productivity. Productivity of a manufacturing unit can be easily measured, but it is difficult to measure the same of a service providing unit. For instance, productivity of an automobile manufacturing unit can be measured by counting the number of car that it produces in a particular year (Greasley, 1999). However, for a company that is involved in ‘consultancy’ business, it is very difficult to quantify the delivered service. Maintaining quality is another important task for the operation management of an organization. For the manufacturing industry, maintaining a standard quality is an easy task as compared to the service

Writing a news story Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing a news story - Article Example The culture of the area is becoming wilder with more drug use and binge drinking in the restaurant strip at Mooloolaba, especially because many of the coast-licensed venues drew in a large crowd on Thursday, Friday and Saturday nights. â€Å"Frankly, our officers are sick of it. These people need to take responsibility for themselves,† he said. â€Å"If they won’t we will make them by breaking these incidents up and arresting the troublemakers †¦ yeah, it’s bad now, worse than any time I can remember.† Of the four people hurt, they suffered minor cuts and bruises. One man, Patrick Johnston, 23, of Budherism, was knocked unconscious after he sustained a deep cut to the forehead and was transported by ambulance to Nambour Hospital. â€Å"Yeah, we worry, really. There is blood in the streets. There are people being hurt and others being affected because these things are spilling into the streets and there is a ripple effect,† Sergeant Thomsen said. â€Å"It’s bad, mate, really bad.† One interview that I would suggest to strengthen this story would be one of an eye witness who saw the entire incident. To learn more about violence in the area, I would suggest talking to local owners of the clubs and restaurants to see more about what they think about the increase in violence and why they think that the area is ranked so high as a violent area. That person would be a good source of information. Another source of information would be a survey of how many police incidents have occurred in the area in a certain period of time and if it has changed since the prior

How product packaging influences consumers Essay

How product packaging influences consumers - Essay Example Obviously most people fall for what is physically appealing and finding a commodity in the market that can stand out from the rest would make it sell more (Peter, Higgins and Richmond, 2013). This, therefore, means that there is some influence that packaging has on the consumer. This paper seeks to analyze and determine some of the influences that product packaging has on consumer behavior and how it will affect their choice in purchasing. With the growing rate of counterfeit products, consumers have realized that packaging of a product can give a clue whether the item is original and genuine. Most keen consumers take quite a considerable amount of time analyzing the product’s packaging in order to find elements such as government verification of quality, genuine manufacturer’s logo or stamp and many others just to be sure that the product is not a low quality duplicate of the original. Packaging, therefore, is a point of verification that consumers use. Those products having the rightful labeling will sell more (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2012). Consequently, the appeal that the product gives will influence an individual into buying it. People prefer goods that stand out and owing to factors such as prestige and social identification; consumers are more likely to buy goods that are conspicuous and catchy. Young men, for example, are more likely to buy items that are well packaged such that when they walk with them everyone notices. This has also been found in women owing to the strong love for beauty. Consumers may be easily lured into buying items they did not plan for simply because they are attractive from outside. The realization that attractive and luring packaging influences customers into buying has had huge impact in packaging-oriented profession. A lot of market research has been now conducted to determine what packages the potential customers are more likely to be attracted to and why. Companies are

Critical analysis of Nursing scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical analysis of Nursing scenario - Essay Example This paper will discuss a particular nursing workplace conflict scenario and suggest potential solutions to address the situation using an effective conflict resolution tool. Critical Analysis The given scenario clearly reveals that there are numerous issues existing in the workplace, the key reason leading to frequent sick calls, tardiness, and lack of productivity. The conversation between Susan Barnes and Shawna Hayes clearly indicates that team formation and job distribution is poorly managed and this situation in turn results in weak employee satisfaction. Due to pitfalls in team formation, members of Team 2 experience increased work stress whereas Team 1 members obtain a more relaxed worksite environment. In addition, some nurses always manage to work with Team 2 to avoid workload and the resulting job stress. Evidently, this situation is severely affecting team collaboration and the spirit of team work and this is most likely to end up in poor quality patient care. Finally, in adequate remuneration is also a major reason causing poor staff satisfaction; employees are greatly discouraged because they are not paid proportionate to the workload they bear. While analyzing the given case context, it is clear that the conflict situation is organizational because it is caused by improper management practices. It is necessary for the nursing manager to exercise due care while addressing an organisational conflict situation. According to Kelly and Crawford, there are mainly seven conflict resolution techniques such as avoiding, accommodating, competing, compromising, negotiating, collaborating, and confronting. In the words of Coburn (n.d.), under avoiding strategy, the conflict is simply ignored whereas the accommodating strategy implies that one side gives in to the other side to resolve the conflict. Ogunyemi et al (2010) state that the tool of competing forces the parties involved in the conflict to compete for the goal, while compromising tool encourages each side to give up something and gain something. In the view of Sontor (2009), the manager uses the negotiating tool to organize high level discussion that seeks agreement but not necessarily consensus. According to Khanaki and Hassanzadeh (2010), the collaborating tool persuades both sides to work together so as to develop the optimal outcome whereas the confronting approach takes immediate and obvious efforts to stop conflict at the very start (p.na). In the current situation, tools like avoiding, accommodating, competing, compromising, collaborating, or confronting may not be effective because the issues are well rooted, and hence need stronger and more extensive resolution approach. Therefore, it is advisable for the nursing unit manager to employ the negotiating tool to address the conflict situation identified. The major advantage of using this conflict resolution tool is that the solution developed will be permanent â€Å"for a variety of reasons, such as a union of contract, a permanent change in policy or governance, or career or life changes† (Kelly & Crawford, p.304). In the view of Lewicki, Hiam, and Olander, â€Å"there are five basic approaches to negotiating: collaborative (win-win), competitive (win at all costs), avoiding (lose-lose), accommodating (lose to win), and compromise (split the difference)† (as cited Kelly & Crawford, p.304). It would be better to employ the compromise-negotiating tool to

Strategy Formulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategy Formulation - Essay Example Expansion into foreign markets proved successful for Altria and they added more countries to the list to distribute their products to. Some critics cite the reason for foreign expansion as to sell their controversial products where policies are not as strict as in the US. After the Master Settlement Agreement which imposed some marketing and selling sanctions on Altria’s products, Altria had to reinvent their strategy and aim to expand worldwide where such restrictions weren’t applicable. Although Altria has been successful in worldwide operations, their controversial tactics, health hazards of their products, increasing litigations and the availability of cheaper counterfeit products pose serious challenges to them to operate globally. Maybe to counter these threats, Altria has announced that it would split up the International division of Philip Morris in 2008 after the meeting on January 30, 2008 subject to favorable tax ruling. (Ambregni, 2008) Question 2: SWOT Analysis Altria's basic revenue comes from its cigarette brands of Philip Morris. Therefore any factors that affect Philip Morris brands, affects Altria to a large extent. Therefore the analysis done below is strongly related to the cigarettes brands of Altria Strengths Global Operations - Altria operates globally in more than 150 countries with over 25 Philip Morris brands (MapofWorld, 2005). Although their competition is strong, brands such as Marlboro being the most popular cigarettes in the world. Having different laws and opportunities to exploit certain rulings that are not applicable in US, Altria has penetrated the international market. Philips Morris international, once spun off, is expected to get 48 billion dollars of annual revenue. This would also free the international division to focus on external soils without any restrictions that the company still faces because of US policies. (Ambregni, 2008) Strong Brand Names - Altria is the parent company of basically cigarette manufacturing companies. Over the years Altria's company, Philip Morris have built strong brands such as Marlboro, Benson and Hedges, Philip Morris, Parliament, Virginia Slims etc. the popularity and awareness of these brand linking to Altria has created benefits for the company in terms of profitability, sales, product diversification and customer loyalty. Addictive Capability of their Products - Altria's companies all have a similarity in one aspect of the products made. They all have addictive tinges. Almost all Philip Morris cigarette brands, John Middleton's Cigars and SAB Millers brews contain the characteristics of leaving a person want more of it. Since customers want to keep having these products, Altria has ensured that its customers remain loyal and get 100% customer retention. Supports FDA Regulation - "Philip Morris USA is the only U.S. tobacco company that supports meaningful and effective regulation of tobacco products by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)." This creates a competitive advantage for Altria in the US to have the support of FDA which the consumers follow very strictly. (Altria, 2005) Focus in One Area - In 2007, Altria spun off its food subsidiary Kraft Foods so that Altria could focus on tobacco side. By focusing on one area, the management and strategies can be all aligned to meet the corporation's objectives easily and more efficiently. (Ambregni, 2008) Opportunities Production in Foreign Markets - banking on the success in US, Altria can expand its operations further by increasing production in foreign markets. Some countries that have to import Altria products, have to pay high prices. By adding those countries to

Should the Government ban smoking Essay Example for Free

Should the Government ban smoking Essay The hazards of smoking have become very clear in the last few years and the public has started working towards changing societal norms associated with smoking. Awareness about second hand smoking has also risen considerably and efforts are being made to protect residents from it. However, communities alone cannot bring such a drastic change. The government needs to play a key role in protecting the health of its citizens by introducing various laws and legislation that will discourage smoking. Firstly, smoking needs to be discouraged because various researches and studies have proven that passive smoking has killed 35,000 to 40,000 people per year in the United States alone in the early 1980’s. These passive smokers also put up with an immeasurable cost of lower quality of life and a shorter life span. Tobacco can be blamed for more deaths of Americans each year as compared to deaths caused by alcohol, cocaine, crack, heroin, homicide, suicide, car accidents, fires and aids combined. The combined loss of lives each year due to smoking was approximately equal to the lives lost in the World War II. Non-smokers living with smokers also suffer from an increased risk of death from heart attacks, strokes or heart diseases. Children are highly vulnerable to diseases caused by second-hand smoking. Children under the age of two years can develop chest infections, asthma and other respiratory problems due to second hand smoking. Secondly, smoking also costs the government millions of dollars in terms of smoking related treatment at government hospitals. Small and large businesses suffer from lost productivity because of the countless breaks and absenteeism of chain smokers. Cigarette smoking cost the U. S almost $52 billion in health expenses or time lost from work, about $221 per person, each year. Another disturbing consequence of smoking areS accidental fires resulting from smoking on public or private property. According to an estimate, 25% of residential fires were caused by smokers. It is a government priority to protect the nation’s health and safety. This can only be accomplished by raising taxes on cigarettes and making smoking a more expensive habit. The government can spend a portion of its budget on anti smoking campaigns or public service announcement. Guidance and counseling must be provided free of cost which can help people quit this disgusting habit. Smokers should be required to contribute to the cost of smoking related treatment. Above all, government should pass a resolution which forces restaurants, bars and clubs need to restrict smoking to particular areas only. Advertisement and television shows that promote the habit of smoking or make it look cool to teenagers need to be banned so that vulnerable teenagers, women and various minorities belonging to low income groups do not fall prey to smoking. This is the only way the government can promote a just, supportive, and productive environment which adds to the social and economic well-being of all Americans.

Effect of TV Personalities to the Mass of People Essay Example for Free

Effect of TV Personalities to the Mass of People Essay This is considered to provide learners or readers with mass media information needed to help them become knowledgeable individuals in the use of mass media. Every idea is presented as simple as possible suited for each other for better understanding of concepts and guidelines. 1Media is the various means of mass communications considered as a whole, including television, radio, magazine, and newspaper, together with the people involved in their mass of people. Artists or celebrities have a big portion in media, they are the one who have the connection to the mass of people, the television industry has been considered as a very strong influence on society. The largest television stations here in the Philippines are the ABS-CBN and GMA. They provide different formats of viewing such as music, news, animation, children programs, educational, soap operas or telenovelas, fantaseryes, game shows or reality shows and many more; that might help or worsen once lifestyles. 2These programs are monitored by MTRCB (Movie Television Review Classification Board). By rating it through G, PG and SPG. Rated G (General Patronage) is for all age and viewers. In Rated PG (Parental Guidance) monitored programs, children need a parents supervision. While in Rated SPG (Strict Parental Guidance) supervised shows, children or minor should be guided strictly since it might contain theme, language, harassment, sexual, horror, or drugs that are not appropriate to their stage of development. The generation nowadays have a lots of TV personalities that known for their extraordinary talents, appeals, and by attainting the peoples expectation in their shows. The most influential personalities in today’s generation are Vice Ganda, Daniel John Padilla, Kathyrn Bernardo, Anne Curtis, Julia Montes, Pokwang, Charice Pempengco, Raymond Gutierrez, Barbie Forteza and Jake Vargas. They are involved in different project and altered act of role, some might act as kontrabida or villain and basagulero or trouble maker that in the eyes of broods they thought that it is accurate nevertheless it is incorrect. Different person has different perspective in what they see and hear. It is their choice to follow it or not, through the custody of their parents I know everyone might choose the right path. 4Since celebrities are regularly seen on television, heard over the radio, and read about in the newspapers, it is not questionable that all their moves are followed by the general public. Being aware of the great regard that people give them, celebrities do their best in order to share a positive influence to the community. There are a lot of celebrities today that share their advocacies openly for the public to follow. For instance, there are plenty of TV stars who put up their own foundations in order to fund pressing problems in the country. In addition to that, there are also a lot of personalities who willingly participate in rescue operations in times of disasters like typhoons, floods, and earthquakes. By being good example to the community, celebrities today are definitely able to show that they help in making the Philippines a better place to live in. Each artist influence or affects the lifestyles of their viewers or fans in different and little ways. Their fans might affect the way they dress, the way they speak, the way they act, or might affect one’s life. Artist could influence in positively or negatively and these are the things that this thesis will going to provide you, piece by piece. This book allows you to experience the boundless power and importance of the fields of artist and its effect to the mass of people. Come then, and let us take a trip to the world of stars, together, let us make ourselves better individualities.

The Tourists Accessibility And Their Disabilities

The Tourists Accessibility And Their Disabilities Impairments are the reality of life that sooner or later each person will be experiencing this in some point of a persons life particularly during the elderly stage of an individual. Serving the disabled individuals is not something that comes naturally to most people. This chapter has been divided into three parts which are the accessible tourism, museum and disabled visitors and disabled person. To give an overview of what and who are the visually impaired individuals, a section of this report will discuss about a visual impairment. Furthermore, in this chapter, a brief overview of two museums and two galleries will be tackled in this chapter. The two museums are British Museum and National Maritime Museums while the two galleries are the National Gallery and the Tate Modern Gallery. According to Macfarlane (1996 cited in Barnes, 1991), for over a hundred years, disability has represented a culturally embedded and socially accepted form of oppression against disabled people. Furthermore, a disability may be physical, cognitive, sensory, emotional and or developmental. Also, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO, 2010), the term disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or actions; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations. In addition, Disability Discrimination Act (DDA, 1995) defines disability as a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on a persons ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. Moreover, according to Shaw and Coles (2003), disability is the loss or limitations of opportunities to take part in the normal life of the community on an equal level with others, due to physical and social barriers. On the other hand, Shaw and Coles (2003) define impairment as the functional limitation within the individual caused by mental or sensory impairment. As mentioned above, disabled individuals faces different barriers which holds them back in participating in such activities like travelling. Nevertheless, a number of disabled persons do not consider themselves as a person with disability to a certain extent. Some of disabled people prefer to be independent in nature and associate disability with passivity and dependence qualities (Barnes, 1996). In most cases, a person with disability likes better to travel with their friends and or family members. According to Yau, et al (2004: 958), the process of being a traveller with a disability can be complex, requiring personal initiative, the need to accurately evaluate ones own capabilities as well as the ability to collect reliable information, manage the trip, manage oneself and take stock to reflect experiences. Nevertheless, the experience of the traveller with disability is completely different from the experience of the other travellers without disability. Disabled travellers may have an uneven experience as the facilities being offered are not enough most especially for the other impairment such as for visually impaired individual. Even so, it is logical to note that the majority of the travellers, whether they are disabled or not, are expected to experience some form of barriers during their time of travel. A qualitative work was undertaken in Hong Kong, proposed The Model of Tourism and Disability to facilitate an understanding of the multifaceted interaction amid disability, tourism and the environmental context (Packer et al, 2007). A model of tourism and disability included three key components: The process of becoming and remaining travel active The personal and or disability context; and The environmental and or travel context (Packer et al, 2007) The model of tourism and disability tells that the relationship involving the process of becoming travel active and the environmental context are autonomous with each influencing the other (Packer et al. 2007). In travelling there is always a positive and negative outcome of travel experience. A negative travel experience could be the poor quality of service or the destination being inaccessible. Furthermore, these could result on the decrease in numbers of tourist in tourism market. Nevertheless, a positive outcome of travel experience is likely to result on a repeated visits and increasing the tourism market. 2.2.1 Visual Impairment Visual impairment is one of the types of disability. Generally, not all the individuals with visual impairment are completely blind. In 2002, the World Health Organisation (WHO) had estimated that there were more than 161 million people globally who were visually impaired. In which 37 million are blind and 124 million of whom had low in vision (WHO, 2004). At the same time, World Health Organisation (WHO) noted that the ageing of the global population and the age-related nature of visual impairment was driving global changes in the epidemiology of vision loss (WHO, 2004). In which at the present time, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), there are about 314 Million people who are visually impaired worldwide and 45 million are blind. In addition, most of the visually impaired individuals are living in a developed city. Furthermore, according to Open University (2010), there are between one and half and two million people who are visually impaired in UK. Subsequently, most cases of visually impaired are also considered hidden disability (Open University, 2010). In tourism, disability is a neglected subject within tourism enquiry and cognate fields (Aitchison, 2009 cited in Richards et al, 2010). According to Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB, 2010), visual impairment may be extremely different from person to person and that there are relatively some aspects that could support and help the blind or the partially sighted individuals to enjoy and have fun on a holiday. In addition, a lot of older visually impaired individuals may as well suffer on other disabilities, for instance, mobility and or hearing difficulties. According to The Council for Museums Archives and Libraries (2001), every person with a visual impairment is different in terms of the nature of their visual limitation and their expectations and requirements. Most of the visually impaired individuals use their other sense of smell, hearing, taste and the sense of touch in order for them to feel the surroundings that they are into. On the other hand, some of the visually impaired have a difficulty in imagining an actual object. Furthermore, visually impaired people are considered as a potential market in tourism industry. In UK there are about 1.97 million adults who are visually impaired (The Council for Museums Archives and Libraries, 2001). Additionally, according to The Council for Museums Archives and Libraries (2001), 82 percent of visually impaired in UK have low visions, 90 percent are aged over sixty and approximately 75 percent of visually impaired can read large prints. In most cases, partially sighted and the blind people travel with their friends and families and there is a bigger chances that will return on the places where offers a good facilities and provides good services (RNIB, 2010). 2.3 Accessible tourism More individuals enjoy the opportunity to travel. Visiting the attractions is one of the foremost activities in tourism. On the other hand, travellers face many barriers during travelling such as getting information, accommodation and or problems in getting around at their chosen destinations. On the contrary, not most of the tourists are capable of participating in such doings that this industry could offer. Subsequently, most destinations offer a friendly environment although not to every visitors. Disabled people may be a significant market segment for the tourism industry. However, many tourism sites are not well suited to serve disabled tourist. Like, for the disabled visitors, convenience of a particular destination is essential. In almost all cases of a destination, the facilities being offered for the disabled person are limited. Accessible tourism benefits everyone. According to Darcy (2006, p: 4 cited in Darcy and Dickson, 2009), accessible tourism is defined as a process of enabling people with disabilities and seniors to function independently and with equity and dignity through the delivery of universal tourism products, services and environments. Furthermore, Tourism New South Wales (Darcy and Dickson, 2009), noted that accessible tourism is about making it easy for all people to enjoy tourism experiences. Accessibility is a necessary element for every days existence. Neither, the privilege to travel and take pleasure in all the good destinations is for every individual. Tourism desires an access to almost the whole thing that a destination has to offer. At present, the consumers demands are gradually changing. Consequently, tourism is considered as one of the fastest growing industry. Nevertheless, this industry could serve as an instrument in promoting a barrier free circumstance for the individuals with disabilities. It will be an efficient means of furthering the equality for the disabled individuals that could lead to barrier free. Each individual has the opportunity to travel and benefit from the surrounding of their chosen destinations. According to Darcy (2007, p:74), a justly accessible tourism product will lessen or eliminate physical, attitudinal, information, financial and other barriers that make the tourism experience less accessible to people with disabilities. Furthermore, an accessible tourism should be made easier for all people, irrespectively of their age, gender and or physical status, in order to enjoy their tourism experiences. According to Tourism New South Wales (2005, cited in Darcy and Dickson, 2009), Easy Access Market is define as: Any segment within the tourism market that prefers accessing tourism experiences with ease. This people with disability, including those with physical and sensory disabilities, will find it easier to access tourism facilities where there is a continuous pathway and tactile surfaces and clear signage. As accessibility plays an imperative role in tourism, not everyone could have the access to their designated destinations. Even though, still this industry attracts a numbers of tourist at all times. On the other hand, accessibility generates barriers in some particular persons such as the disabled individuals. Subsequently, people with disabilities have also the rights to partake and benefit from the community as the same quality of life of the people without disabilities. Nonetheless, people with disabilities travel less due to the lack of facilities of the tourism industry. In general, the provisions that tourism industry offers to the disabled persons are commonly for the mobility impaired individuals. Furthermore, due to the increasing facilities for the disabled most especially for the individuals who have mobility impairment, tourism has widened the amenities for these types of tourist. Due to these facilities, other disabled persons travel and participate less. In contrary to that, there are some increasing numbers of disabled individuals who set off for travel mostly for physically impaired individuals only. In addition, this industry should require having an amenities and facilities that could do well to every tourist. Given the fact that most of the facilities for the disabled are for wheel chaired person, it is more convenient for them to participate in leisure activities compared to visually impaired people. Among all the types of disabled individuals, visually impaired might not be able to be pleased about the picturesque view, on the other hand, they could still have a pleasant journey on some other way. All the same, these types of tourist could still feel, hear, smell and touch. Likewise, there are an increasing numbers of disabled people and most of them are engaging in travel. In addition, the increase in the demands of the mobility access for the disabled is in high demands at the present. In some point, the amenities that are being offered are for the mobility impaired visitors. Visually impaired travellers have a lesser numbers compared to the wheel chaired persons. Currently, the common facilities that tourism has to offer for the visually impaired tourist are the guide dogs, audio descriptions for some exhibits and Braille. Increasingly the tourism industry is able to offer improved products and services. While physical accessibility is an essential component of inclusion, it has a long been recognised that successful inclusion also requires social acceptance by others (Schwartz, 1988). According to Page and Connell (2006, p: 76), contemporary literature recognises that access is not only about buildings; a truly accessible environment is one in which a person with disability can freely express their independence, and one in which any impediment to integration is removed. Moreover, according to Page and Connell (2006), in United Kingdom, Visit Britain operates the National Accessible Scheme, which assists accommodation operators in making their products more accessible with standards for visual and physical impairments. Moreover, the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), in the UK places a responsibility on all public and private organisations to make services full accessible to disabled persons (Page a nd Connell, 2006). According to Timothy and Crispin (2006, p: 4), each year, in countries throughout the world, millions up on millions of people visits museums. Additionally, there is an increase of all kinds of museums all over the countries. In addition, the numbers of potential visitors are increasing due to the growing interest in their collections and their works. In some cases, a number of destinations such as museums have already established a friendly surrounding for their visually impaired visitors by providing an audio sound service. Moreover, in some museums, they had already provided the touching for the display objects for these types of visitors. According to Urry, (2002, p: 256), touching the objects on the display is an alternative sense, makes the objects tacky and corroded so they no longer remain visually and physically the same. Also, disabled individuals have the right to obtain the same benefits from museums as others are obtaining. Travel by people with disabilities happens regardless of the presence of numerous discouraging barriers (Darcy, 1998; Lipp 2003, cited in Packer, et.al, 2008). On the other hand, while they look for the same or similar travel experiences to other travellers, travellers with disabilities are likely to experience extremely different and uneven tourism experiences. In spite of all this, people with disabilities still retain their eagerness for travel and want to travel. A person travelling with a disability can be complex, according to Yau et al (2004) it requires a personal initiative, the need to accurately evaluate ones own capabilities, as well as the ability to collect reliable information, manage oneself and take the stock to reflect. The mentioned are considered the process of travelling with disability. It is reasonable to note that all travellers, whether they have a disability or not, are likely to experience some form of barriers to participation while travelling. Moreover, a person without disabilities thinks the barriers as just an occurrence. On the other hand, a person with disabilities dealing with the barriers during their travel is a challenging task. It is regrettable that travellers with disability may encounter or experiencing a tourism market place that does not cater and or give their needs as it does to travellers without disabilities. Imagine that this is the reason why people with disabilities participate less in travel and tourism. 2.4 Museum and disabled visitors Individuals with a sight problem can face a lot of barriers when visiting a museums and or galleries. Museum displays, whether picturesque arrangements of beautiful things or chronological narratives of a developmental process are involved in scopic forms of understanding (Hetherington, K. 2002). On the other hand, there are some displays that at times seen as discriminatory for some visitors. Furthermore, building an access in a museums or galleries for every individual is a part of the obligation to the community. In addition, a museum or gallery which are accessible to every person attracts more visitors. Most of visitors are pleased about museums and galleries as a place where they can extend their experience and also to have an enjoyment on societal circumstance. Museums have expanded in multiplicity and burst in popularity over the last few decades. Millions of people every year visit a museum. Moreover, every museum attracts a variety of visitors. According to Dr. Johnsons 1755 dictionary (cited in Yale, 1998:33) a museum was simply a repository of learned curiosities. The Museums and Galleries Commission currently defines a museum as an institution which collect, documents, preserves, exhibits and interprets material evidence and associated information for the public benefit (cited in Yale, 1998:33). Furthermore, according to the International Council of Museums (2005 cited in Sandell, 2007:2), a museum have unique potential for addressing and fostering cultural understanding in interdisciplinary ways. It is known that a museum is a collection of antiques or historical materials that has been used during a significant event during earliest times. Furthermore, a museum broadens the knowledge of its visitors. In most cases, the public is the one benefitted on what the museums could provide and do. According to Ambrose and Paine (2006), it is only when the museums public is thoroughly understood that the museum can effectively responding to the publics needs and requirements through services. It is stated in Museums Associations definition (1998 cited in Disability Directory for Museums and Galleries, 2001) that Museums enable people to explore collections for inspiration, learning and enjoyment. They are institutions that collect, safeguard and make accessible artefacts and specimens which they hold in trust for society. Museums are for everyone this includes the disabled people. A museum visitor comes in all ages of any gender, social status and with or without disability. A museums market can be thought of as the overall social and economic context within which the museum operates. All museums operate within a market and all provide a supply of services that meet a market demand. According to Ambrose and Paine (2006), internationally, there is for example a growing critical awareness of the political nature of museums and their historic role in maintaining the cultural values of elite or privileged groups ins society. A museums visitor expects more on what the museums could offer. Disabled visitors must be accommodated in the museums. On the other hand, accessibility in the museums is less for most cases of disabled groups. Furthermore, the needs of each disabled individual may vary on their types of disability and there may be an inconsistency with one another. In addition, in some cases the needs of the disabled community may alter rapidly upon their visits. According to Majewski and Bunch (1998, cited in Sandell, 2007), there are three distinct tiers of disability access that museums should address in order to meet the needs of their audiences and these are: a) Access to the exhibitions physical elements, b) Access to exhibitions content; and c) The access that describes the representation of disabled people and the inclusion of disability-related narratives and interpretation within exhibitions. (Majewski and Bunch, 1998 cited in Sandell, 2007: 146-147). Moreover, access to the museums and galleries should also take into consideration the architectural structure of the building, the parking spaces for the disabled and on how to get to the museums and galleries. Likewise, if the museum or gallery is a massive place, a map and signages will be helpful for these types of visitors. Museums facilities and services for people with mobility impairment are highly developed compared to with people with sensory difficulties such as the visually impaired visitors. Now a day, sensory approaches are common in some museums. A museum plays a major role in communal change. According to the Walters (2001), disability is viewed as being part of diversity, something that is not always the case. Furthermore, disabled people are considered a potential visitor in museums. According to Walter (2009), in order to include disabled visitors, museums should adopt and understand the social model of disability. Social model of disability does not deny impairments or any medical needs that arises from impairments (Walter, 2009). Through this social model of disability, museums will not take the disabled visitors as a problem, to a certain extent they will create a way to welcome and accommodate them in their museums. Access in the museums for disabled visitors should be considered in the broadest sense. Access is not just about providing lifts, toilets, spacious corridor and or parking spaces for the disabled. Access should also include the information and better access to the exhibits inside the museums. Furthermore, improvement of access should include sensory, physical, intellectual, cultural as well as the financial access in the museums. In addition, a disabled person prefers to be independent but most of the time needs help in some certain things most especially for visually impaired as they have low in visions and in some cases they are partially blind. According to the Disability Directory for Museums and Galleries (2001), nearly two million people have some form of visual impairment, but most blind people or 82 percent have some residual vision that they use to have good effect and many people who could register as blind do not do so. Also, visually impaired people make and appreciate art, according to Walter (2001). In addition, if a visually impaired visitor visits museums, in most cases they need a multi-sensory exploration of an object, signage printed in large image or fonts and audio format description for objects in order to enhance their visit experience. In some museums and galleries, it is allowed to have guide dog for the visitors who have vision impairment. Walter (2001) emphasise the needs of the people with visual impairments. According to Walter (2001), visually impaired individual needs accessible information in a range of alternatives formats, a tactile signs or diagrams and an audio-information. Moreover, the museums staffs needs to have training in handling a visitor with visual impairment. A museum with a well trained staff could understand more the needs of the visually impaired visitors. A visually impaired visitor is not completely blind. In most cases they could see but only blurred vision and some could only recognise large font of prints. 2.4.1 Museums and Galleries In order to establish a basic abstract structure to be use in this research project, the review will now be set out to be aware of the background of two museums and two galleries which are the British Museum, National Maritime Museum, The National Gallery and the Tate Modern as the research area for this study. a) The British Museum British Museum is one of the oldest and largest leading museums all over the world. It has a collection of more than seven million objects which originated from all continents. In addition, British Museum is a representation of almost all the culture of the world. Moreover, British Museum is known as the history of the world in a hundred objects (British Museum, 2010). The British Museum is a free entrance that attracts more or less a five thousands visitors that visits the museum during its open hours. Its visitors are ranging from children to adults, all types of gender and disabilities. Moreover, visiting this museum needs a day in order to view all the exhibits in it. b) National Maritime Museum Greenwich area is known for its unique forms of architectural design. In addition, Greenwich area has been recognized as an attraction for shopping and education which is the University of Greenwich. Furthermore, tourism in this Greenwich is developing more as the upcoming Olympics will be held in this location. Likewise, National Maritime Museum is one of the prides of this area. As a tourist destination, National Maritime Museum is composed of three main sites which are the Maritime Galleries, the Royal Observatory and the Queens House. Basically, the museum focuses on its four themes which are the sea, ships, time and the stars and the relationship with the people (National Maritime Museum, 2010). National Maritime Museum welcomes visitors in all ranges of ages and regardless of the gender with or without disability. Furthermore, it provides educational learning for the children. In addition, the visitors of this museum are usually students from different schools and or universities. Furthermore, disabled people are visiting the museum but most are mobility impaired visitors. c) National Gallery National Gallery is situated in the heart of London. Thousands of people visits National Gallery daily. It is well known for its art from the famous and renowned artist. The gallery welcomes each and every individual regardless of gender, age and disabilities. d) Tate Modern Gallery Tate Modern is a gallery of international modern art. Its collection is a British art collection from the last 1500 years till the present time (Tate Modern, 2010). 2.5 Summary This chapter bring about by discussing about the disability and the forms of disability. Moreover, it was clearly discussed in this chapter the importance of accessible tourism and which had established as the basic foundation for this study. At the latter part of this chapter, it has been discussed about the facilities being offered by the museums for the visually impaired visitors. To sum it up, the literature reviews the conditions of the accessibility of the museums for the visually impaired visitors. Consequently, it is important to recognise the particular needs of different people (age group, genders, impairment group and or disabled individuals). The following chapter will reveal the methodology of the research study along with the other relevant methodological issues.

Calvinism Essays -- Religion, God

God takes great pleasure in the salvation of men (Lk. 15:4-7). It is His passion, and the sacrifice of His Son is the measure of it (Jo. 3:16; 1 Jo. 4:10). That He would offer His Son for some and not all misreads the divine concern for the lost (Mt. 23:37; Lk. 5:31,32; 15:1-7; 19:10). Scripture affirms that God has done and is doing all that He can wisely and righteously do to save men (Isa. 5:1-7; 53; Jo. 3:14-17; Ro. 3:24-26). It simply will not countenance the insidious notion that fewer saved is better, which is an unavoidable implication of Calvinist theology. Limiting the saving interest of God to some men only is a troubling feature of Calvinism and should concern all who share God's passion for the lost. Hence, the dispute between limited and unlimited atonement is no small matter, as the atonement controversies in the past have shown. That God has unconditionally assigned some to salvation and some to damnation, either before or after the fall, finds no sanction in Scripture. Yet Calvinists say God has either limited the work of Christ to a select few or has limited the Spirit's application of Christ's work to a select few. In either case they limit the atonement unconditionally. Scripture says God wills the salvation of all men (1 Tim. 2:4-6; 2 Pet. 3:9) and that He has provided for all. "All things are ready" (Mt. 22:4). When it comes to salvation, He stands in the same relation to all men. He is the Creator of all (Jo. 1:1-3; Col. 1:16) and the Saviour of all (Jo. 4:42). To say He has undertaken for some and not for all is the voice of limitarian theology and not Scripture. In taking our nature (Heb. 2:14-18)), Christ provided an atonement for all who wear it. He died for every man in particular (Heb. 2:9; 1 Jo.... ...ll address later). They cannot conceive of God's operating on a generous margin, of His making a provision for more than actually enjoy it. Over the years Calvinists have struggled to give their system a friendlier face, a more congenial and universal look. One plan has been to say the atonement is sufficient for all but only efficient for the elect. However, such "universality" is merely theoretical and does not make the non elect any more savable. In this scheme, the atonement is sufficient for all in the sense that, had God intended to save all men, Christ's death would have been sufficient to do so. However, since He never intended to save all, He never included the sins of all in the cross. Thus the atonement is sufficient (theoretically able) to save all but efficient (that is, actually saving) for the elect only because only elect's sins were atoned for. Calvinism Essays -- Religion, God God takes great pleasure in the salvation of men (Lk. 15:4-7). It is His passion, and the sacrifice of His Son is the measure of it (Jo. 3:16; 1 Jo. 4:10). That He would offer His Son for some and not all misreads the divine concern for the lost (Mt. 23:37; Lk. 5:31,32; 15:1-7; 19:10). Scripture affirms that God has done and is doing all that He can wisely and righteously do to save men (Isa. 5:1-7; 53; Jo. 3:14-17; Ro. 3:24-26). It simply will not countenance the insidious notion that fewer saved is better, which is an unavoidable implication of Calvinist theology. Limiting the saving interest of God to some men only is a troubling feature of Calvinism and should concern all who share God's passion for the lost. Hence, the dispute between limited and unlimited atonement is no small matter, as the atonement controversies in the past have shown. That God has unconditionally assigned some to salvation and some to damnation, either before or after the fall, finds no sanction in Scripture. Yet Calvinists say God has either limited the work of Christ to a select few or has limited the Spirit's application of Christ's work to a select few. In either case they limit the atonement unconditionally. Scripture says God wills the salvation of all men (1 Tim. 2:4-6; 2 Pet. 3:9) and that He has provided for all. "All things are ready" (Mt. 22:4). When it comes to salvation, He stands in the same relation to all men. He is the Creator of all (Jo. 1:1-3; Col. 1:16) and the Saviour of all (Jo. 4:42). To say He has undertaken for some and not for all is the voice of limitarian theology and not Scripture. In taking our nature (Heb. 2:14-18)), Christ provided an atonement for all who wear it. He died for every man in particular (Heb. 2:9; 1 Jo.... ...ll address later). They cannot conceive of God's operating on a generous margin, of His making a provision for more than actually enjoy it. Over the years Calvinists have struggled to give their system a friendlier face, a more congenial and universal look. One plan has been to say the atonement is sufficient for all but only efficient for the elect. However, such "universality" is merely theoretical and does not make the non elect any more savable. In this scheme, the atonement is sufficient for all in the sense that, had God intended to save all men, Christ's death would have been sufficient to do so. However, since He never intended to save all, He never included the sins of all in the cross. Thus the atonement is sufficient (theoretically able) to save all but efficient (that is, actually saving) for the elect only because only elect's sins were atoned for.

Gangs in Class :: Classrooms School Violence Essays

Gangs in Class Even before I arrived at the gilded gates of Dunn Middle School in South Trenton, I knew I would expect to encounter gang members, gang references and possibly even gang violence within the brick walls of this school for 6-8th graders. It is a scary thought that every prospective teacher has had cross her mind at least once in her teacher preparation program: â€Å"Will there be gang members in my school, in my classroom? What will I do? What can I do†. During my first day at my JPE site my suspicions were turned into a reality. Within my two classes I have two affirmed gang members and several students suspected of gang affiliation. Both of the affirmed members have since been removed from school due to their participation in a fight which caused serious harm to another student in the school. I can’t help but feel at once relieved that I don’t have to ‘deal’ with these students and then sad at the thought that these two bright youn g men may be forever lost to mainstream society. Even more, what about the remaining boys associated with gangs left in my classroom; will they come to the same fate? Here presented are an overview of youth gang membership today and some thoughts on why kids today so readily join in. As will be discussed, there is something we as administrators and educators can do when gang membership becomes a concern or problem in our schools; perhaps more importantly though, there are ways we can prevent the problem from even arising. There are several types of gangs which prevail in modern America. There are street gangs, copycat gangs, pretend gangs, cliques and delinquent groups to name a few. Luckily, most middle school aged students involved with gang behavior are involved with the less serious forms including delinquent groups and pretend gangs. Those students who are more susceptible to joining gangs are becoming harder and harder to identify. â€Å"Memberships tend to cross ethnic lines and have more female involvement than ever before† (National 5). Previously, gangs were thought to be limited to black or Hispanic male youths in low income communities but even the socioeconomic status of gangs has changed.

The Nervous System

Chapter 35 Nervous System MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The basic types of tissue in the human body are a. |cell, organ, and organ system. | b. |sight, smell, and hearing. | c. |thyroid, trachea, adenoid, and bronchus. | d. |muscle, nervous, connective, and epithelial. | ANS:DDIF:AREF:p. 894OBJ:35. 1. 1 2. Which system regulates and controls growth, development, and metabolism? a. |endocrine system|c. |integumentary system| b. |lymphatic system|d. |skeletal system| ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 893OBJ:35. 1. 1 STO:12. A. 4. b 3. The levels of organization in the body include a. |endocrine, respiratory, digestive, and nervous. b. |cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. | c. |cells, tissues, and functions. | d. |lymphatic, respiratory, and circulatory. | ANS:BDIF:AREF:p. 891OBJ:35. 1. 1 4. How many organ systems make up the human body? a. |4|c. |8| b. |5|d. |11| ANS:DDIF:BREF:p. 891OBJ:35. 1. 1 5. A group of similar cells that perform a single function is called a(an) a. |nerve. |c. |tissue. | b. |organ. |d. |organ system. | ANS:CDIF:BREF:p. 891OBJ:35. 1. 1 6. Which type of tissue lines your internal organs? a. |epithelial|c. |nerve| b. |connective|d. |muscle| ANS:ADIF:BREF:p. 894OBJ:35. 1. 1 7.Which type of tissue enables a person’s fingers to move as he or she plays the piano? a. |epithelial|c. |nerve| b. |connective|d. |muscle| ANS:DDIF:EREF:p. 894OBJ:35. 1. 1 8. Which type of tissue provides support for the body? a. |epithelial|c. |nerve| b. |connective|d. |muscle| ANS:BDIF:BREF:p. 894OBJ:35. 1. 1 9. The process by which organ systems maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called a. |circulation. |c. |homeostasis. | b. |organization. |d. |teamwork. | ANS:CDIF:BREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 10. Which process enables the body to maintain a stable temperature? a. |heating|c. |feedback inhibition| b. |circulation|d. cellular activity| ANS:CDIF:AREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 11. The level of chemicals in the body that speed up cellular activity is regulated by a. |action potent ial. |c. |the sympathetic nervous system. | b. |feedback inhibition. |d. |the parasympathetic nervous system. | ANS:BDIF:EREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 12. Which system coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment? a. |lymphatic system|c. |excretory system| b. |nervous system|d. |reproductive system| ANS:BDIF:BREF:p. 892, p. 897 OBJ:35. 2. 1STO:12. A. 4. b 13. Neurons are classified by the a. |direction in which they carry impulses. b. |amount of metabolic activity that takes place. | c. |number of dendrites that branch out. | d. |number of impulses that they carry. | ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 897OBJ:35. 2. 1 14. What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system? a. |nerve|c. |organ| b. |neuron|d. |tissue| ANS:BDIF:AREF:p. 897OBJ:35. 2. 1 15. What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the environment? a. |a threshold|c. |an impulse| b. |an action potential|d. |a dendrite| ANS:CDIF:BREF:p. 899OBJ:35. 2. 2 16. What is the function of neurotransmitters? a. |to transmit nerve impulses through dendrites| b. to stimulate the production of epinephrine| c. |to transmit nerve impulses across synapses| d. |none of the above| ANS:CDIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2 17. For a neuron to reach an action potential, it must a. |release electrons. | b. |absorb calcium. | c. |reverse the electrical charge across the cell membrane. | d. |take in sodium ions. | ANS:CDIF:EREF:p. 899OBJ:35. 2. 2 Figure 35–1 18. Refer to Figure 35–1. The cell body of a neuron collects information from which structure? a. |A|c. |C| b. |B|d. |E| ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 897, p. 898 OBJ:35. 2. 2 19. When an impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of a. neurotransmitters. |c. |dendrites. | b. |sodium ions. |d. |receptors. | ANS:ADIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2 20. What is the function of the central nervous system? a. |to relay messages|c. |to analyze information| b. |to process information|d. |all of the above| A NS:DDIF:BREF:p. 901OBJ:35. 3. 1 21. Which of the following is a function of the cerebrum? a. |controls conscious activities of the body| b. |controls heart rate| c. |controls blood pressure| d. |controls breathing| ANS:ADIF:AREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 22. The region of the brain that recognizes hunger is the a. |brain stem. |c. |hypothalamus. | b. |medulla oblongata. |d. |thalamus. ANS:CDIF:AREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 1 23. The ability to move your right hand is controlled by the a. |left hemisphere of the cerebrum. | b. |right hemisphere of the cerebrum. | c. |both the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum. | d. |neither hemisphere of the cerebrum. | ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 24. A student’s ability to think about a question and answer it correctly is directly controlled by the a. |brain stem. |c. |medulla. | b. |cerebellum. |d. |cerebrum. | ANS:DDIF:EREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 25. Which division(s) of the peripheral nervous system transmit(s) impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system? . |sensory division|c. |sensory and motor divisions| b. |motor division|d. |spinal cord division| ANS:ADIF:BREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 2 26. Which division of the nervous system controls the ability to dance? a. |somatic|c. |central| b. |autonomic|d. |brain| ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 2 27. The division of the nervous system that helps the body react to pain is the a. |somatic nervous system. |c. |autonomic nervous system. | b. |sensory nervous system. |d. |sympathetic nervous system. | ANS:ADIF:AREF:p. 904OBJ:35. 3. 2 28. Sense organs are part of the a. |peripheral nervous system. |c. |autonomic nervous system. | . |central nervous system. |d. |parasympathetic nervous system. | ANS:ADIF:AREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 2 29. What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system? a. |brain and spinal cord|c. |somatic and autonomic| b. |thalamus and hypothalamus|d. |sensory and motor| ANS:DDIF:BREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 2 30. Which of the following general categories of sensory receptors are located everywhere in the body except the brain? a. |thermoreceptors|c. |photoreceptors| b. |mechanoreceptors|d. |pain receptors| ANS:DDIF:AREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 1 31. Which general category of sensory receptors detects variations in temperature? . |thermoreceptors|c. |photoreceptors| b. |mechanoreceptors|d. |pain receptors| ANS:ADIF:BREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 1 32. Sensory receptors that are sensitive to chemicals are found in the a. |skin, body core, and hypothalamus. |c. |eyes. | b. |skin, skeletal muscles, and inner ears. |d. |nose and taste buds. | ANS:DDIF:EREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 1 33. Which of the five senses contains two types of photoreceptors called rods and cones? a. |vision|c. |smell| b. |hearing|d. |taste| ANS:ADIF:BREF:p. 907OBJ:35. 4. 2 34. In which of the following structures might an infection cause dizziness? a. |semicircular canals|c. |eardrum| . |oval window|d. |cochlea| ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 908OBJ:35. 4. 2 Figure 35–2 35. Which labeled structure in Figure 35–2 creates pressure waves in the cochlea? a. |structure A|c. |structure C| b. |structure B|d. |structure D| ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 908OBJ:35. 4. 2 36. In Figure 35–2, which labeled structure sends impulses to the brain that enable it to determine body motion and position? a. |structure A|c. |structure C| b. |structure B|d. |structure D| ANS:BDIF:AREF:p. 908, p. 909 OBJ:35. 4. 2 37. Which sense relies on the largest sense organ in the body? a. |touch|c. |smell| b. |hearing|d. |taste| ANS:ADIF:AREF:p. 09OBJ:35. 4. 2 38. If you did not like the flavor of a certain oral liquid medicine, you could hide much of its taste by a. |closing your eyes. |c. |holding your nose. | b. |covering your ears. |d. |folding your hands together. | ANS:CDIF:EREF:p. 909OBJ:35. 4. 2 39. Drugs that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate are called a. |stimulants. |c. |opiates. | b. |depressants. |d. |alcohol. | ANS:ADIF:BREF:p. 910OBJ:35. 5. 1 40. What types of drugs slow down the activity of the central nervous system? a. |stimulants|c. |opiates| b. |depressants|d. |cocaine| ANS:BDIF:AREF:p. 911OBJ:35. 5. 1 41.Uncontrollable pain and sickness occur because the body cannot produce enough endorphins when a drug user attempts to stop using a. |opiates. |c. |crack. | b. |cocaine. |d. |marijuana. | ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 911OBJ:35. 5. 1 42. The most widely abused legal drug is a. |marijuana. |c. |amphetamines. | b. |tranquilizers. |d. |alcohol. | ANS:DDIF:BREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 43. What system does alcohol immediately affect? a. |digestive|c. |nervous| b. |circulatory|d. |endocrine| ANS:CDIF:BREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 44. Alcohol does each of the following EXCEPT a. |slow reflexes. |c. |impair judgment. | b. |stimulate heart rate. |d. disrupt coordination. | ANS:BDIF:AREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 45. One third of all homicides can be attributed to the effects of a. |alcohol. |c. |crack. | b. |cocaine. |d. |opiates. | ANS:ADIF:EREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 MODIFIED TRUE/FAL SE 1. There are four levels of organization in the human body: cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. _________________________ ANS:TDIF:AREF:p. 891 OBJ:35. 1. 1 2. A group of similar cells that perform a single function is called a(an) organ. _________________________ ANS:F, tissue DIF:BREF:p. 891OBJ:35. 1. 1 3. The hypothalamus is to your body as the thermostat is to the internal environment of a house. ________________________ ANS:TDIF:EREF:p. 896 OBJ:35. 1. 2 4. Spreading out from the cell body of a neuron are short, branched extensions called axons. _________________________ ANS:F, dendrites DIF:BREF:p. 898OBJ:35. 2. 1 5. The propagation of an action potential is slower in myelinated axons than in axons that lack a myelin sheath. _________________________ ANS:F, faster DIF:EREF:p. 898OBJ:35. 2. 2 6. The largest and most prominent region of the human brain that is responsible for the voluntary, or conscious, activities of the body is the cerebellum. _________________________ ANS:F, cerebrumDIF:BREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 7. The brain and spinal cord can withstand considerable trauma due to the meninges acting as a shock absorber. ______________________________ ANS:F, cerebrospinal fluid DIF:AREF:p. 901OBJ:35. 3. 1 8. If you accidentally step on a tack with your bare foot, the pathway that the nerve impulse takes from your foot to your leg is called a reflex arc. _________________________ ANS:TDIF:BREF:p. 904 OBJ:35. 3. 2 9. The autonomic nervous system is part of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system. _________________________ ANS:TDIF:AREF:p. 904 OBJ:35. 3. 2 10.Chemoreceptors are associated with the sense of smell and touch. _________________________ ANS:F, taste DIF:AREF:p. 909OBJ:35. 4. 1 11. Rods respond to light of different colors, producing color vision. ____________________ ANS:F, Cones DIF:EREF:p. 907OBJ:35. 4. 2 12. A person with a relatively small number of cones in the retinas may have trouble distinguishing colors. _____________ ____________ ANS:TDIF:EREF:p. 907 OBJ:35. 4. 2 13. The cochlea and the two tiny sacs located behind it help the body maintain its equilibrium. ______________________________ ANS:F, semicircular canals DIF:EREF:p. 908OBJ:35. 4. 2 14.Addiction can be defined as intentional misuse of any drug for nonmedical purposes. _________________________ ANS:F, Drug abuse DIF:AREF:p. 914OBJ:35. 5. 1 15. About 40 percent of the fatal accidents that occur on Americans highways involve the drug alcohol. _________________________ ANS:TDIF:BREF:p. 912 OBJ:35. 5. 2 COMPLETION 1. Your skin, hair, nails, and sweat and oil glands make up your _________________________ system. ANS:integumentary DIF:EREF:p. 892OBJ:35. 1. 1STO:12. A. 4. b 2. Neurons are classified into three types according to the ____________________ the impulse travels. ANS:direction DIF:AREF:p. 97OBJ:35. 2. 1 3. The process by which a stimulus produces a response that opposes the original stimulus is called ____________________ inhibition. ANS:feedback DIF:BREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 4. ____________________ is the process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. ANS:Homeostasis DIF:AREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 5. In most animals, axons and dendrites are clustered into bundles of fibers called ____________________. ANS:nerves DIF:AREF:p. 898OBJ:35. 2. 1 6. Sensory neurons and motor neurons are connected by ____________________, which carry impulses between them. ANS:interneuronsDIF:BREF:p. 897OBJ:35. 2. 1 7. The myelin sheath that surrounds a single long axon leaves many gaps, called ____________________, where the axon membrane is exposed. ANS:nodes DIF:AREF:p. 898OBJ:35. 2. 1 8. The difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron is its resting ____________________. ANS:potential DIF:AREF:p. 898OBJ:35. 2. 2 9. The two major divisions of the human nervous system are the central and the ____________________ nervous systems. ANS:peripheral DIF:BREF:p. 901OBJ:35. 3. 1 Fig ure 35–3 10. The process illustrated in Figure 35–3 is called a(an) ____________________.ANS:reflex arc DIF:EREF:p. 904OBJ:35. 3. 2 11. The turning of your head is controlled by the ____________________ nervous system, which is part of the peripheral nervous system’s motor division. ANS:somatic DIF:EREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 2 12. Sensory receptors called _________________________ are found in the skin, skeletal muscles, and inner ears and are sensitive to touch, pressure, stretching of muscles, sound, and motion. ANS:mechanoreceptors DIF:BREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 1 13. Small muscles attached to the ____________________ of your eye change its shape to help you focus on near or distant objects.ANS:lens DIF:EREF:p. 907OBJ:35. 4. 2 14. The class of drugs called ____________________ mimic natural chemicals in the brain known as endorphins, which normally help to overcome sensations of pain. ANS:opiates DIF:EREF:p. 911OBJ:35. 5. 1 15. Cirrhosis of the liver is a possible resu lt of the long-term use of ____________________. ANS:alcohol DIF:BREF:p. 913OBJ:35. 5. 2STO:11. A. 4. c, 13. A. 4. b SHORT ANSWER 1. Compare and contrast tissues and organs. ANS: A tissue is a group of similar cells that perform a single function. An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a complex function.DIF:AREF:p. 891OBJ:35. 1. 1 2. What is homeostasis? ANS: Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in external environments. DIF:BREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 3. How can the nervous system help a person run without falling? Explain. ANS: Balance is necessary for running. Portions of the nervous system, along with the sense organs, can interpret a person’s balance and make minor corrections to make sure the person will not fall. DIF:EREF:p. 908OBJ:35. 4. 1 4. Distinguish between the functions of dendrites and axons.ANS: Dendrites and axons are parts of a neuron. Dendrites carry impulses from the e nvironment or from other neurons toward the cell body. Axons carry impulses away from the cell body. DIF:BREF:p. 898OBJ:35. 2. 2 5. At what location does a neuron transfer an impulse to another cell? ANS: the synapse DIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2 Figure 35–1 6. Identify the structure and its labeled parts illustrated in Figure 35–1. ANS: neuron; (A) dendrite; (B) cell body; (C) axon; (D) myelin sheath; (E) nucleus DIF:EREF:p. 897OBJ:35. 2. 2 7. What are the major regions of the brain? ANS:The major regions of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the brain stem, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus. DIF:BREF:p. 901, p. 902, p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 1 8. How is the spinal cord like a major telephone line? ANS: The spinal cord is the main communications link between the brain and the rest of the body, transmitting information, just as a telephone line carries many calls at once. DIF:AREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 1 9. Why is a severe injury to the brain stem usually fatal? ANS: The bra in stem controls some of the body’s most important functions, including breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, and swallowing.These involuntary processes are essential to life, so the disruption of any of these processes can cause death. DIF:EREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 10. What is a motor neuron? ANS: A motor neuron carries impulses from the brain and the spinal cord to muscles and glands. DIF:EREF:p. 897OBJ:35. 2. 1 11. How is a pain in your toe perceived by sensory receptors? Why is it important for your body to sense this pain? ANS: Pain receptors respond to chemicals released by the damaged cells in your toes, which may indicate danger, injury, or disease. DIF:EREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 1 12. Identify the five main senses. ANS:The five main senses are vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. DIF:BREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 2 13. Compare and contrast the functions of rods and cones. ANS: Both rods and cones are photoreceptors in the retina. Rods are sensitive to light but do not distingu ish colors. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but cones respond to light of different colors. DIF:AREF:p. 907OBJ:35. 4. 2 14. How do opiates help people overcome sensations of pain? ANS: Opiates mimic natural chemicals in the brain known as endorphins, which normally help to overcome sensations of pain. DIF:BREF:p. 911OBJ:35. 5. 1 15.What are the cause and effect of fetal alcohol syndrome? ANS: Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by consuming alcohol while pregnant. The effect of this syndrome is a range of birth defects in the baby, such as heart defect, malformed face, delayed growth, and poor motor development. DIF:AREF:p. 913OBJ:35. 5. 2STO:11. A. 4. c, 13. A. 4. b OTHER USING SCIENCE SKILLS This diagram shows the structure of a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of a neighboring neuron. Figure 35–4 1. Applying Concepts In Figure 35–4, which structures release neurotransmitters? ANS: vesicles DIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2. Interpreting Gr aphics In Figure 35–4, into what area do the neurotransmitters diffuse? ANS: synaptic cleft DIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2 3. Predicting Referring to Figure 35–4, predict the direction of the impulse. ANS: The impulse will travel from the axon to the dendrite of the adjacent neuron. DIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2 4. Applying Concepts Referring to Figure 35–4, after the neurotransmitters are released from the cell surface, what happens to the neurotransmitters? ANS: The neurotransmitters may be broken down by enzymes, or taken up and recycled by the axon terminal. DIF:AREF:p. 900OBJ:35. 2. 2 5.Applying Concepts If the axon in Figure 35–4 is part of a motor neuron, to what cells are the impulses being passed? ANS: muscle cells and glands DIF:AREF:p. 897OBJ:35. 2. 2 USING SCIENCE SKILLS Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is a measure of the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream. The following graphs illustrate how many alcoholic drinks consumed in one hour result in different levels of BAC in individuals of different masses. In some states, an adult driving with a BAC of 0. 08% or higher is considered to be legally drunk. Figure 35–5 6. Using Tables and Graphs You have a mass of 45 kg and have had one drink.According to Figure 35–5, how long would it take for your BAC to drop to 0. 04% or lower? ANS: one hour DIF:EREF:p. 912, p. 913OBJ:35. 5. 2 STO:11. A. 4. c, 13. A. 4. b 7. Using Tables and Graphs You are a 48-kg adult and have had four drinks in an hour. According to Figure 35–5, could you drive legally after three hours? ANS: no DIF:EREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 8. Interpreting Graphics Based on Figure 35–5, how is the mass of an individual related to BAC levels? ANS: Individuals with more mass can consume more alcoholic drinks in the same period of time and have a lower BAC than individuals with less mass.DIF:EREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 9. Interpreting Graphics A 40-kg person and a 50-kg person each drink 4 drinks in 4 h ours. Do they have the same BAC? ANS: No. The 40-kg person has a BAC of 0. 10% or higher, whereas the 50-kg person has a BAC of 0. 05% to 0. 09%. DIF:EREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 10. Applying Concepts A 58-kg person has two cocktails just before dinner and a glass of wine with dinner 30 minutes later. According to Figure 35–5, how long would the individual be in the â€Å"Definitely illegal† category? ANS: one hour DIF:EREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2 USING SCIENCE SKILLS Figure 35–6 11.Interpreting Graphics What is the name of structure C in Figure 35–6? ANS: spinal cord DIF:BREF:p. 901, p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 1 12. Applying Concepts Referring to Figure 35–6, which structure is responsible for the voluntary, or conscious, activities of the body? ANS: structure A, the cerebrum DIF:BREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 13. Applying Concepts Referring to Figure 35–6, which structure is the control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature? ANS: hypothalamus DIF:BREF:p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 1 14. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 35–6, which structure is the cerebellum?ANS: structure B DIF:BREF:p. 901, p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 15. Applying Concepts Referring to Figure 35–6, what two regions of the brain stem act as neural â€Å"switchboards,† regulating the flow of information between the brain and the rest of the body? ANS: medulla oblongata and pons DIF:BREF:p. 902OBJ:35. 3. 1 ESSAY 1. How are the cells of the human body similar to individuals in a society that work in groups to accomplish shared goals? ANS: Every cell in the human body is both an independent unit and an interdependent part of a larger community—the entire organism.Similarly, each individual in a society can survive independently, but it is also necessary to form interdependent groups to accomplish certain goals. DIF:EREF:p. 891OBJ:35. 1. 1 2. Name six of the body’s systems and describe their functions. ANS: Answer sh ould include six of the following systems. The nervous system coordinates the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment. The integumentary system serves as a barrier against infection and injury, helps to regulate body temperature, and provides protection against ultraviolet radiation from the sun.The skeletal system supports the body, protects internal organs, allows movement, stores mineral reserves, and provides a site for blood cell formation. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to provide voluntary movement and helps to circulate blood and move food through the digestive system. The circulatory system brings oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells; fights infection; removes cell wastes; and helps regulate body temperature. The respiratory system provides oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removes excess carbon dioxide from the body.The digestive system converts foods into simpler molecules that can be used by the cells of the body. The excretory system eliminates waste products from the body. The endocrine system controls growth, development, and metabolism. The reproductive system produces reproductive cells and, in the female, nurtures and protects the developing embryo. The lymphatic system helps protect the body from disease, collects fluid lost from blood vessels, and returns the fluid to the circulatory system. DIF:EREF:p. 892, p. 893OBJ:35. 1. 1 STO:12. A. 4. b 3.Based on the process of feedback inhibition, explain how your body maintains a relatively constant temperature. ANS: The hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor both the temperature of your skin at the surface of the body and the temperature of organs in the body’s core. When these nerve cells sense that the body’s temperature is lower than normal, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that signal cells throughout the body to speed up their activities. Heat produced by this increase in cellular activity causes a gr adual rise in body temperature, which is detected by the nerve cells in the hypothalamus.This feedback inhibits the production of chemicals that speed up cellular activity and keeps body temperature from rising to a dangerous level. If your body temperature rises too far above normal, the hypothalamus slows down cellular activities, minimizing the production of heat. DIF:EREF:p. 895OBJ:35. 1. 2 4. Compare resting potential and action potential in a neuron. ANS: The difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron is the resting potential. Once an impulse begins, positive ions rush across the cell membrane, reversing the charge difference.The inside of the membrane gains a positive charge, and the outside of the membrane gains a negative charge. This rapid reversal of charges is called the action potential. As the impulse passes, the positively charged ions flow out of the cell, and the resting potential of the membrane is reestablished. DIF:AREF:p. 898, p . 899OBJ:35. 2. 2 5. What is the function of each of the main regions of the brain? ANS: The cerebrum controls voluntary activities, intelligence, learning, and judgment. The cerebellum controls coordination and balance.The brain stem controls blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and swallowing. The thalamus receives messages from the sense organs. The hypothalamus recognizes sensations of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature. DIF:AREF:p. 902, p. 903OBJ:35. 3. 1 6. Compare the effects of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. ANS: The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system each release different neurotransmitters that have opposite effects on the same organ system, which helps the body maintain homeostasis.When the sympathetic system speeds up an activity, the parasympathetic system slows down the same activity. For example, heart rate is increased by the sympathetic nervous system, but decrease d by the parasympathetic nervous system. DIF:AREF:p. 904OBJ:35. 3. 2 7. What are the five general categories of sensory receptors? Where are they located in the body? ANS: The five general categories are pain receptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors. Pain receptors are throughout the body except in the brain.Thermoreceptors are located in the skin, body core, and hypothalamus. Mechanoreceptors are found in skin, skeletal muscles, and inner ears. Chemoreceptors are found in the nose and taste buds. Photoreceptors are found in the eyes. DIF:AREF:p. 906OBJ:35. 4. 1 8. How would you design an experiment to show that much of what people actually taste in food depends on their sense of smell? ANS: Students’ experiments may include having someone taste different types of foods that have specific tastes and smells, and then having the person taste them with his or her eyes shut and nose held closed.Students should determine if the person can id entify the food that he or she tasted without the use of sight and smell, and record observations and draw conclusions. DIF:EREF:p. 909OBJ:35. 4. 2 9. People who have to drive long distances sometimes take stimulants. How might this practice be dangerous? ANS: Stimulants increase the release of neurotransmitters at some synapses in the brain, which then leads to a feeling of energy and well-being. However, when the effects of the stimulants wear off, the brain’s supply of neurotransmitters has been depleted.The user quickly falls into fatigue and depression, which can impair the person’s ability to drive and could lead to accidents. DIF:AREF:p. 910OBJ:35. 5. 1 10. In the Designated Driver Program, one person in a group agrees to be the driver and not to drink any alcohol. Why is this program important? ANS: By decreasing the number of drunk drivers on the road, you decrease your chances of being involved in such an accident. If more people were involved in the Designat ed Driver Program, fewer people would be in danger of being involved in a fatal accident. DIF:EREF:p. 912OBJ:35. 5. 2

Class Evaluation

To be honest, I think the class was organized just right even though it was a very fast course. It seemed like we covered a lot of ground in just few months. I feel like I got more out of this class than I have in some of the other classes I have spent entire semesters in. I also found it helpful that there was some variation in the assignments. From the assignments and researches, I achieved a great deal of understanding about critical thinking, writing a correct sentence and most of all realizing the different thoughts from different people in the class.People have their own opinions in every worked paper we have done which helps me to realize that people have different believes concerning different issues. I respect every once opinions and am happy that I took them as a good knowledge gained. I just wish I would have taken a class like this sooner! The research and actual writing process just seems so much easier once you break it down. As this is my first semester, I experienced a lot of learning experience. I hope I can use the little knowledge I gained from this class to the next classes coming my way.After taking this course, the process for writing a paper seems so much easier. It is  just a matter of learning the right techniques for finding sources and actually writing the paper. I know that I will definitely use what I have learned in the near future. I believe everybody in this class is cool, smart and each of you has a great potential in life and I hope we all achieve the same goal we pursuing in life. And hope we put what we just learned from this class into a great used. Thank you so much Dr. Lumpkin!This class has been one of the most helpful classes I have ever taken. Before taking this class, I thought I knew the proper techniques for writing a research paper, but was I wrong. One of the most helpful aspects of this class has been the fact you always want us to understand about the research. The way you teach the parts of speech was so aweso me. What I really like about it is your verb agreements! At least it helps me to realize correct pronunciations of a sentence which is a great advantage and I know that’s your main motive.I believe you excellent. You are just not a good lecturer but a good mother. I said this because you were not just there to discuss about the subject but about life in general. You shared most of your life experience with the class and I am so very happy you did. You are always in a good mood whenever you come into class and this makes me confident to participate in class discussion which I am so happy of. Am just glad I had you as a lecturer all thanks to Wayne county community college.

Beowulf: An Epic Hero Essay

â€Å"I resolved when I set out on the sea, sat down in the sea- boat with my band of men, which should altogether fulfill the will of your people or else fall in slaughter, fast in the foe’s grasp. I shall achieve a deed of manly courage or else have lived to see in this mead-hall my ending day† (Garcia) Beowulf was from a far away world to seek the challenges with the beasts and show his great courage and speaks as an epic hero. Beowulf announces his name and shows his glory and invoking the reputation he has for himself through his great deeds. â€Å"The man whose name was known for courage the Great leader, resolute in his helmet, answered in return: â€Å"We are retainers from Hygelac’s band. Beowulf is my name.† (340-343) Beowulf sails from the seas and to meet King Hrothgar and to display his honor and glory to fight the beast, Grendel. Beowulf makes his battle with Grendel by announcing it will be a hand-to-hand combat as he gains extra glory for himself. Look more:  beowulf essay â€Å"I have heard moreover that the monster scorns in his reckless way to use weapons; therefore, to heighten Hygelac’s fame and gladden his hear, I hereby renounce sword and the shelter of the broad shield, the heavy war- board: hand to hand is how it will be, a life and death fight with the fiend â€Å" (433-440) How strong does a medieval epic hero have to be? Strong enough to rip a demon’s arm out of its socket and use of no weapon. â€Å"The monster’s whole body was in pain, a tremendous wound appeared on his shoulder. Sinews split and the bone- lapping burst. Beowulf was granted the glory of winning; Grendel was driven under the fen-banks, fatally hurt, to his desolate lair.† (814-820) The only battle Beowulf uses a weapon to defeat the dragon; its because the dragon has its own special advantages, venom and breathing fire. He is demonstrating his own strength, bravery and prowess, not just using better weapons. â€Å"I’d would rather not use a weapon if I knew another way to grapple with the dragon and make good my boast as I did against Grendel in days gone by. But I shall be meeting molten venom in the fire he breathes, so I go forth in mail-shirt and a shield.† (2518-2534) Beowulf the epic hero is one who places himself at risk for another by performing great deeds of courage he has. He is looked up to by many of his strength, leadership, and success. With the strength of thirty men in one arm, the courage to fight monsters, and the knowledge to respect and consider others’ feelings, Beowulf is the epic hero of that time.

Just Do It Essay

Sharad Haksar’s Just Do It is part of his very moving series of pictures he calls â€Å"Brand Irony. † This series portrays ironic juxtapositions of world-renowned brands combined with interesting visuals. In this specific picture, Haskar shows Nike’s famous Swoosh accompanied by its â€Å"Just Do It† slogan on a wall acting as an advertisement somewhere in India. On the wall next to the ad, a young boy is urinating as a little dog looks on. At first a feeling of excitement comes over the viewer because of Nike’s large media presence and its ties to athleticism. The boy urinating next to the slogan seems to then invoke a feeling of humor. These emotions soon give way, however, to a much deeper and serious analysis. Soon enjoyment and wittiness turn into anger and sadness as the details of the image slowly come forward. Born in India, Sharad Haksar was probably accustomed to seeing this kind of situation day in and day out. For this reason, Haksar was surely biased in the way that he definitely had some kind of disgust with companies like Nike. He is trying to appeal to the same audience Nike would be trying to attract in their advertisements. This would be, for the most part, young and active people anywhere from the ages 15-40. More than that, he is also trying to appeal to anyone who has an interest in photography, advertising, and the worldwide problem of worker exploitation. He finished up his collection of photos entitled â€Å"Brand Irony† in 2006. These photos were meant to show big-market companies advertising in ironic situations and/or places. In this specific photo, his frustration with large corporations exploiting their workers seems to be the focal point. Nike is a world –power when it comes to brand imagery, and their â€Å"Just Do It† slogan is as recognizable as any. By combining the first glance humor of a boy urinating on a wall, with the more profound message hidden deeper inside the photo, Haksar creates a brilliant image that begs to be understood. Many human beings see Nike as a model company, one that is always progressing its craft, and constantly trying to better its products. Haksar realizes this, and he wants to shed some light on the other side of the business. He wants to show how huge commercial businesses like Nike affect the countries and communities in which they conduct their trades. Nike has been at the forefront of â€Å"sweatshop† controversy in India, and the dirty and grimy background of the image appeals to this controversy. The â€Å"Just Do It† slogan, rather than being the upbeat, creative influence it usually is, is now portrayed in a much darker light. In Indonesia alone, 30% of factory workers were reported as being verbally abused, with another 2. 5% experiencing â€Å"unwanted fondling† (Dukcevich). In Honduras, two Nike subcontractors closed down their plants, pushing 1,800 natives out of work. It didn’t stop there, though. In complete disregard for Hondurian law, they refused to pay the $2 million in severance that was rightfully owed. Nike’s â€Å"factory to factory† competitiveness creates â€Å"an ultra-competitive environment that drives down wages and gives factory owners virtually no choice but to disrespect workers’ basic rights† (Greenhouse). The motto â€Å"Just Do It† is supposed to cast anger over the viewer, as it is clear that this is not an option to these people; life will never grant them the chance to just do it. Haksar is trying to bring awareness to the poverty-laden countries that big companies exploit to inexpensively run their large factories. He is trying to show that these disadvantaged humans slave over products that they cannot and probably never will be able to afford. This underprivileged boy and the rest of this community are living a life that doesn’t allow them to â€Å"Just Do It,† the opportunities just aren’t there. They lead a life of struggling to survive on insufficient paying jobs, some even as factory line workers in one of Nike’s 1000 factories worldwide. It is not unusual for these workers, most of the time women and children ages 10-24, to work 13-hour shifts and come home with a meager $1. 60. This fact becomes staggering when one takes into account that the average minimum living wage in most of the third world countries that house Nike factories is somewhere around $3. 00 to $5. 00 a day (Braddock). Exploited workers in these factories have no chance of living any kind of lifestyle Nike promotes, but rather become the impoverished human beings that are the face of third-world countries around the globe. The boy in the picture that at first seemed so comical is in fact without hoes or a shirt. He is clearly indigent and the littered ground he stands on emphasizes this. A sense of pity is immediately taken up for the boy, as he cannot even afford to put a pair of shoes on his feet, let alone the ones Nike advertises. Then the focus shifts to the dog. The dog that at first seemed cute and harmonious prancing next to the boy, now seems ragged and undersized. As the powerful, commenting images slowly unfold from Haskar’s photo, the picture transforms from just an advertisement to a much more critical view of Nike’s world-power franchise. He is trying to invoke a sense of guilt and remorse in his audience for their participation in buying Nike’s products. Moreover, a sense of anger is supposed to be instilled in the viewer, caused by Nike’s insistence on advertising in countries where just a miniscule part of the population has the means to buy their products. In this sense, Haksar is appealing to his audience to recognize where and how Nike’s products are being made. The innovation in brand imagery Nike has brought to the commercial world is unparalleled. The Swoosh and the â€Å"Just Do It† slogan are reminders that Nike sits in the top of its class when it comes to advertising. Sharad Haksar’s stunning Nike image in his â€Å"Brand Irony† series is a comment on this advertising and also an insight into how the products they market are produced. The image comes off, at first, just to be a humorous depiction of a boy urinating on a wall, but in fact is trying to shed light on the cruel and inhumane ways workers are exploited by companies like Nike. What the general public sees is Nike’s innovation and their leadership in their industry. What they don’t see are images like this.